CHILD’S HEALTH/SKIN DISORDERS: SUNBURN CAUSE AND CLINICAL FEATURES
In the harsh Australian summer, it is relatively easy for anyone, child or adult, to get sunburnt. Recent information about the hole in the earth’s ozone layer shows us that the danger of exposure to harmful ultraviolet rays (UVB) from the sun is greater now than it has ever been. Australia has one of the highest incidences of skin cancer in the world. Increased public awareness of the dangers of sunburn and risks of skin cancer can only be encouraged. Teach your children about these risks, and set them an example yourselves by taking precautions against sunburn.
Cause
Skin contains a pigment called melanin, stored in special cells called melanocytes. When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, more melanin is produced, darkening the skin. This process takes time, and if the skin is exposed to too much sun all at once, then it will burn. If skin is exposed to small amounts of sun, very gradually, melanin will have a chance to build up slowly, and help prevent sunburn. This should always be done using blockout sunscreens (at least 15 + ). Excessive tanning causes skin damage. Fair-skinned children are most sensitive to sunburn, as their skin does not contain the same amount of melanin as dark-skinned children.
Clinical features
Sunburn can vary from mild redness on the skin to severe blistering, swelling and pain. As the burn heals, the blisters may burst and the skin will become itchy and start to peel. Most reactions to sunburn only start several hours after the skin is exposed to excessive sun, and are at their worst around 24 hours later.
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