THE LAW OF STRENGTH OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

If I tap my patellar tendon just below the kneecap when my leg is flexed at the knee, the leg will extend. This is the knee-jerk reflex. If I tap it harder, the reflex is more brisk and the response is stronger. Within limits, there is a simple law operating in the nervous system with regard to reflexes that a weak input stimulus will produce a weak response, and a stronger input stimulus will produce a stronger response.
Not only does this law of strength hold true for the reflexes in my body which are automatic and which I did not have to learn, but it also holds true for reflexes which I have learned during my life experiences.
We have all experienced how learned skills become automatic after a while, as we become conditioned to respond in this way. Take driving a car, or riding a motorcycle, for example. The clutch- gearshift co-ordination movements become so automatic that we don’t even have to think about them after a while. These reflexes are called conditioned reflexes.
(I once rode an Ariel 500cc motorcycle while I was studying first year medicine in 1962, in Townsville. After I had become reasonably adept at riding this motorcycle, I discovered something strange. Whenever I checked, while riding along, to see which gear the bike was in by touching the gear lever with my foot, the bike slowed down, unexpectedly and for no apparent reason.
I then discovered that I had become so conditioned to cutting back the throttle with my right hand when I depressed the gear lever in changing gear that simply touching the gear lever with my toe was automatically producing the wrist rotation which was causing the inadvertent throttling back. The two actions had been coordinated into a conditioned reflex which did not require me to be conscious of it.)
The law of strength applies to these conditioned reflexes, as well as to the unlearned, built-in reflexes such as the knee-jerk reflex. That is, the conditioned response will be stronger if the input stimulus that triggers it is stronger. However, when the input is too strong, the response will be diminished because of the operation of circuit breaker mechanisms.
*28/129/5*

THE LAW OF STRENGTH OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
If I tap my patellar tendon just below the kneecap when my leg is flexed at the knee, the leg will extend. This is the knee-jerk reflex. If I tap it harder, the reflex is more brisk and the response is stronger. Within limits, there is a simple law operating in the nervous system with regard to reflexes that a weak input stimulus will produce a weak response, and a stronger input stimulus will produce a stronger response.Not only does this law of strength hold true for the reflexes in my body which are automatic and which I did not have to learn, but it also holds true for reflexes which I have learned during my life experiences.We have all experienced how learned skills become automatic after a while, as we become conditioned to respond in this way. Take driving a car, or riding a motorcycle, for example. The clutch- gearshift co-ordination movements become so automatic that we don’t even have to think about them after a while. These reflexes are called conditioned reflexes.(I once rode an Ariel 500cc motorcycle while I was studying first year medicine in 1962, in Townsville. After I had become reasonably adept at riding this motorcycle, I discovered something strange. Whenever I checked, while riding along, to see which gear the bike was in by touching the gear lever with my foot, the bike slowed down, unexpectedly and for no apparent reason.I then discovered that I had become so conditioned to cutting back the throttle with my right hand when I depressed the gear lever in changing gear that simply touching the gear lever with my toe was automatically producing the wrist rotation which was causing the inadvertent throttling back. The two actions had been coordinated into a conditioned reflex which did not require me to be conscious of it.)The law of strength applies to these conditioned reflexes, as well as to the unlearned, built-in reflexes such as the knee-jerk reflex. That is, the conditioned response will be stronger if the input stimulus that triggers it is stronger. However, when the input is too strong, the response will be diminished because of the operation of circuit breaker mechanisms.
*28/129/5*

ASTHMA IN CHILDREN: THE INHALED ALLERGENS – INDOOR ALLERGENS – WHAT IS HOUSE DUST?

House dust has been recognized as an important asthma trigger. Indoor dust, as sometimes the house dust is referred to, is not quite the same as outdoor dust, which is a simple nonallergic irritant.
House dust is the dust produced indoors by the breakdown of animal and plant material present in the house. Such material includes cotton, wool, jute, hemp, animal hair, upholstered furniture, carpets, and feathers used as stuffing in mattresses, pillows, and quilts. Skin scales from humans, a large variety of moulds (fungi) as well as dander (skin flakes of an animal’s fur or hair) and saliva from pets, add to the mixture of house dust. The allergenic agent in house dust is a specific mite that subsists on this dust.
The House Dust Mite. The house dust mite is a tiny mite of the species Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus which survives on the shed-off human scales; that is why it is called dermato (skin), phagoides (eats).
This mite has an unsegmented body supported by eight legs. It is less than one millimetre in size, and can be seen only through a microscope. It is extremely light and floats in the air when  a bed or a room is cleaned. It lives primarily in mattresses; but also breeds in carpets and upholstered furniture. The food it eats, that is human scales or the House dust mite rubbings from the skin, is found abundantly in mattresses. On an average a person spends at least eight hours in the bed. The warm temperature of the mattress, when a person is occupying it, is ideal for the growth of the mite.
The mite thrives in humid, temperate climates. Houses with dark and humid interior have more mites in the house dust. On the other hand, high altitudes with a dry and cold climate are not suitable for their growth.
*21\260\8*

ASTHMA IN CHILDREN: THE INHALED ALLERGENS – INDOOR ALLERGENS – WHAT IS HOUSE DUST? House dust has been recognized as an important asthma trigger. Indoor dust, as sometimes the house dust is referred to, is not quite the same as outdoor dust, which is a simple nonallergic irritant.House dust is the dust produced indoors by the breakdown of animal and plant material present in the house. Such material includes cotton, wool, jute, hemp, animal hair, upholstered furniture, carpets, and feathers used as stuffing in mattresses, pillows, and quilts. Skin scales from humans, a large variety of moulds (fungi) as well as dander (skin flakes of an animal’s fur or hair) and saliva from pets, add to the mixture of house dust. The allergenic agent in house dust is a specific mite that subsists on this dust.The House Dust Mite. The house dust mite is a tiny mite of the species Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus which survives on the shed-off human scales; that is why it is called dermato (skin), phagoides (eats).This mite has an unsegmented body supported by eight legs. It is less than one millimetre in size, and can be seen only through a microscope. It is extremely light and floats in the air when  a bed or a room is cleaned. It lives primarily in mattresses; but also breeds in carpets and upholstered furniture. The food it eats, that is human scales or the House dust mite rubbings from the skin, is found abundantly in mattresses. On an average a person spends at least eight hours in the bed. The warm temperature of the mattress, when a person is occupying it, is ideal for the growth of the mite.The mite thrives in humid, temperate climates. Houses with dark and humid interior have more mites in the house dust. On the other hand, high altitudes with a dry and cold climate are not suitable for their growth.*21\260\8*

ANTIBIOTIC FROM ACTINOMYCETES: OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

(1)     Antagonistic Activity
A perusal of the data indicate that the Streptomyces Ac43 has pronounced antagonistic properties against all the test organisms.
The strain was found active against all the test otomycosis pathogens. It showed strong antifungal activity against A. niger and produced a clear inhibition zone measuring 11.0 mm. It was also found antagonistic to test strain of bacteria. However, the test strain indicated its maximum activity against Penicillium funicolosum and produced a clear inhibition zone of 19.0 mm and a total inhibition zone of 22.0 mm.
(2) Morphological Characters
The vegetative hyphae of test actinomycetes developed well on Yeast Extract Malt Extract Agar which readily produce aerial mycelium within 14 days. It produces pale purplish grey aerial mycelium with the chestnut coloured substrate mycelium. It does not produce any diffusible, pigment in this medium.
On Glycerol Asparagine Agar it produced hazel aerial mycelium. Reverse of the colony showed sepia colour. The hyphae produced honey to umber pigment around the colonies. On Inorganic Salt – Starch Agar the growth was recorded poor, producing pale mouse grey coloured colonies.
(3) Biochemical Properties
Test strain was found positive for nitrate reduction but it was found negative for the production of melanin, H2S, acid and gas (Table-3). It utilized the sugar of varied nature including monosaccharides (Arabinose (nature), D( + ) Xylose, Dextrose, D(-) fructose), disaccharides (Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose), polysaccharides (Cellulose) and also reduced form of monosaccharides i.e., D-mannitol and sorbitol.
On the basis of morphological and biochemical characters the test strain was characterized as a strain of Streptomyces.
(4)     Antibiotic Production
On thin layer chromatograms the characteristic antibiotic spot appeared at Rf 0.97 and 0.93 by using ethyl acetate: methanol (95:5) and acetone : water (9:4) as solvent systems, respectively. The samples obtained from the spots developed on chromatograms gave three peak spectra with maximum absorption at 290 nm.
*4\218\2*

ANTIBIOTIC FROM ACTINOMYCETES: OBSERVATION AND RESULTS
(1)     Antagonistic Activity
A perusal of the data indicate that the Streptomyces Ac43 has pronounced antagonistic properties against all the test organisms.The strain was found active against all the test otomycosis pathogens. It showed strong antifungal activity against A. niger and produced a clear inhibition zone measuring 11.0 mm. It was also found antagonistic to test strain of bacteria. However, the test strain indicated its maximum activity against Penicillium funicolosum and produced a clear inhibition zone of 19.0 mm and a total inhibition zone of 22.0 mm.
(2) Morphological Characters
The vegetative hyphae of test actinomycetes developed well on Yeast Extract Malt Extract Agar which readily produce aerial mycelium within 14 days. It produces pale purplish grey aerial mycelium with the chestnut coloured substrate mycelium. It does not produce any diffusible, pigment in this medium.
On Glycerol Asparagine Agar it produced hazel aerial mycelium. Reverse of the colony showed sepia colour. The hyphae produced honey to umber pigment around the colonies. On Inorganic Salt – Starch Agar the growth was recorded poor, producing pale mouse grey coloured colonies.
(3) Biochemical Properties
Test strain was found positive for nitrate reduction but it was found negative for the production of melanin, H2S, acid and gas (Table-3). It utilized the sugar of varied nature including monosaccharides (Arabinose (nature), D( + ) Xylose, Dextrose, D(-) fructose), disaccharides (Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose), polysaccharides (Cellulose) and also reduced form of monosaccharides i.e., D-mannitol and sorbitol.On the basis of morphological and biochemical characters the test strain was characterized as a strain of Streptomyces.
(4)     Antibiotic Production
On thin layer chromatograms the characteristic antibiotic spot appeared at Rf 0.97 and 0.93 by using ethyl acetate: methanol (95:5) and acetone : water (9:4) as solvent systems, respectively. The samples obtained from the spots developed on chromatograms gave three peak spectra with maximum absorption at 290 nm.*4\218\2*

TAKING CARE OF THE EYES 3

The unnatural strain of artificial light, which we impose on our eyes year after year, will no longer bother us if we adapt our daily routine to the coming and going of daylight. This is the natural order of things established by God and the more we set ourselves against it, the more our eyes will tire and suffer. Indeed, if things go on much longer as they do, one day it will be hard to imagine a person without spectacles. We hardly ever stop to think about the detrimental consequences of our unnatural life-style, do we? Immersed as we are in an atmosphere of artificiality, we have lost touch with nature, we are out of tune and can no longer learn and follow its natural rhythm. How would plants fare if day and night they had to live in the light, without a chance to regenerate themselves in darkness? Their cells would tire out and suffer damage and their natural functions would be impaired. Why, then, should not man, the crown of Creation, conform to the harmony of the natural laws? Why should he not use and enjoy to the full the priceless, wondrous exhilaration of the early morning hours, rather than miss out on them, lying in bed asleep while outside the sun is shining gloriously, and do during the night what was not done in the morning hours? Why should anyone create restless nights for himself, only because they did not sleep soundly during the hours before midnight, building up strength for the next day’s work? If we could only reorganise our schedule of activities our eyes would indeed benefit greatly. When light fades, let us put aside our work, and when daylight comes once more, take it up again, strengthened and refreshed. Not only our eyes, but our whole body will benefit from this natural way of life.
*115/28/1*
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TAKING CARE OF THE EYES 2

Years ago, when we were not so eager to work overtime by artificial light and went to bed early, there were fewer people with painful, weak and tired eyes. So why not try a most extraordinary remedy? Why not turn the clock back and live for four weeks without electric light? How can you do this? Well, quite simply by doing without the convenience of modern lighting. You refrain from using this miracle of modern technology; you simply do not switch on the electric light. Your painful, burning, overtired eyes, which can no longer do their work efficiently, will respond to this care and rapidly recover.” But in j order to be well armed against the force of habit, you must plan j your day carefully so that when it gets dark, you will not bej tempted to turn on the light despite all your good intentions.

Years ago, the evenings were used to relax and recuperate and to prepare oneself for the rest that was to end the day. Try to do this for four weeks. It will help you to see and experience why ourl Creator has given us the different lights, the bright light of the sun by day and the gentle soothing moonlight by night. Just try to work hard in the soft moonlight. You will gladly desist. Why?! Because if you let its magic spell work on you like an age-old! lullaby, you will soon drop off and enjoy a deep, restful sleep.] Truly, if you make full use of the night for rest, you will wake cheerfully with the first gleam of daylight, without feeling drowse or still tired and sluggish. You will not feel morose and only partially rested, turning over on the other side to sleep on into the day. What you had intended doing by artificial light, you can do more cheerfully and with much less effort in the full light of the early morning. You will be amazed at what this compliance to nature’s laws can do for you; it will renew your energies and benefit your eyesight at the same time.
*114/28/1*
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SEX EDUCATION PROGRAMS: TEACHING ABSTINENCE

A 1991 Gallup poll reported that 87 percent of Americans said they want sex education for all schoolchildren. Most states recommend or require it in some form.
Among those who disagree is Phyllis Schlafly. She is the founder of Eagle Forum, a group based in St. Louis that promotes 100 percent abstinence. She estimates membership is 80,000. Mrs. Schlafly contends that, as taught in schools, sex education has failed because it has not reduced teen pregnancy.
“To reduce teen pregnancy,” she says, “we should teach kids it is shameful to have sex outside marriage.”
Marianne Whatley, professor of curriculum and instruction at the University of Wisconsin, demurs. “There is no proof that abstinence-only programs work,” she says.
With the help of federal funding, four 100 percent abstinence programs – Sex Respect, Teen Aid, Living Smart, and FACTS – hired experts to evaluate their groups’ effectiveness. When a team from the Public Policy Office of the American Psychological Association later evaluated this research, they found it didn’t meet scientific standards and so was inconclusive.
School behavioral programs do remind students that total abstinence is the only foolproof way to avoid early pregnancy and disease. For sexually active students, teachers stress protection. Younger students are taught that delaying first intercourse is a wise thing to do. And research shows they do.
*121/266/5*

SELECTION OF FOOD BY GROUPS: VEGETABLE-FRUIT GROUP

Fresh, frozen, dehydrated, and canned fruits and vegetables may be purchased. Fresh fruits and vegetables, especially those locally grown, are often less expensive in season. Canned or frozen fruits and vegetables are likely to be better buys at other times of the year. Frozen orange juice is less expensive than freshly squeezed juice, but usually costs a little more than canned juice. Frozen vegetables prepared with butter or cream sauces are appreciably higher in cost than plain vegetables that would be seasoned at the time of cooking.
Fruits should be ripe, firm, free from decay spots, and not soft or with mold spots. Vegetables should be firm, crisp, and clean – not wilted or bruised. Overripe fruits or too mature vegetables are not good economy even though the price may be somewhat lower.
A canned product should be selected for its use; for example, whole fruit may be desired when it is to be served as a dessert, but fruit pieces are just as good for a mixed salad or for pastries. Likewise, grade A peas may be preferred for buttered peas, but grade В peas would be suitable for a casserole dish.
*121/234/5*

CHILD’S HEALTH/SKIN DISORDERS: SUNBURN CAUSE AND CLINICAL FEATURES

In the harsh Australian summer, it is relatively easy for anyone, child or adult, to get sunburnt. Recent information about the hole in the earth’s ozone layer shows us that the danger of exposure to harmful ultraviolet rays (UVB) from the sun is greater now than it has ever been. Australia has one of the highest incidences of skin cancer in the world. Increased public awareness of the dangers of sunburn and risks of skin cancer can only be encouraged. Teach your children about these risks, and set them an example yourselves by taking precautions against sunburn.

Cause

Skin contains a pigment called melanin, stored in special cells called melanocytes. When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, more melanin is produced, darkening the skin. This process takes time, and if the skin is exposed to too much sun all at once, then it will burn. If skin is exposed to small amounts of sun, very gradually, melanin will have a chance to build up slowly, and help prevent sunburn. This should always be done using blockout sunscreens (at least 15 + ). Excessive tanning causes skin damage. Fair-skinned children are most sensitive to sunburn, as their skin does not contain the same amount of melanin as dark-skinned children.

Clinical features

Sunburn can vary from mild redness on the skin to severe blistering, swelling and pain. As the burn heals, the blisters may burst and the skin will become itchy and start to peel. Most reactions to sunburn only start several hours after the skin is exposed to excessive sun, and are at their worst around 24 hours later.

*339\90\8*

COMMON PROBLEMS WITH BREASTFEEDING: SORE NIPPLES

For many mothers, the first few days of breastfeeding are usually accompanied by sore or cracked nipples. Pain is often felt at the beginning of a feed and eases off as the baby continues sucking. This can be very distressing, especially if you are already fatigued after the delivery. Limit feeds to a maximum of 10 minutes on each breast for the first few days. Sore nipples are invariably due to incorrect positioning of the baby on the breast during feeds. If your nipples do become tender, ask a breastfeeding consultant, or your maternal and child health nurse to check the position of your baby while feeding. Avoid using soaps or creams on your nipples, as these can have a drying effect and can actually worsen the problem. Try rubbing some hindmilk into both nipples after a feed; the high fat content can aid healing by acting as a protective barrier against drying. Make sure that when you want to take your baby off your nipple you break the suction by inserting your little finger between your breast and his mouth. If your nipples are very sore, try expressing for 24 hours, to give them a chance to heal. Expose them to the air as much as possible. Occasionally babies can get a thrush infection of the mouth, and this can be transferred to the mother’s nipple during feeding. This condition requires treatment for both mother and baby, and you should see your doctor, who will recommend an antifungal preparation which is safe for you to use. Trying to ‘prepare’ your nipples during pregnancy by using creams, friction or methylated spirits should be avoided.

*92\90\8*

YOUR MARITAL HEALTH/OWNING AND OPERATING YOUR OWN SEX CLINIC: BUILDING FOUNDATIONS FOR FURTHER GROWTH

We haven’t been to church together in so long that I don’t think we know where it is.

WIFE

Many of the couples in the super marital sex program found jt meaningful for them to attend a religious service together. Where differences in religions existed, couples were asked to visit the church or temple of each spouse at least once. Whether or not formal religion was a part of a couple’s life, most husbands and wives had attended church as a child. Revisiting their place of worship as a shared gesture of commitment was of value to the spiritual communication system within the marriage.

I asked the couples to discuss their belief systems, the answer to questions about the meaning of life and death, about their prayers, hopes, and fears. Some couples requested help from a clergyperson at this part of their program, and in some cases the couples returned to more regular involvement in religious services. Whether or not such reinvolvement took place, the rediscovery of the value of discussing philosophies of life and living was a unifying force in the relationships.

If you have followed along with this program, if you have established your own private sex clinic, you have taken the major strides toward finding super marital sex in your relationship. Even if you have tried and found problems, you have moved closer to changing things for the better. As you prepare to read the final section of this book, dealing with the problems of everyday living as they affect sexuality in marriage, remember what the couples came to call the four “P’s” of super marital sex clinic operation:

Perspective in your approach to sexuality. Remember that your living style, your tendency to run hot or cold at various times, is a key part of your sexual life. A wide perspective on the sexual system is necessary for understanding the fourth perspective of sexuality.

Patience with your self and your relationship. All human growth and development takes place over a long period of time and in waves of progress and regression. Be at least as patient with your marital sex as you are with your children and others you love.

Persistence in your attention to the intimacy within your marriage. Starting to improve, then surrendering, getting distracted by other “more important things,” or getting involved in “fads” of self-improvement only detracts from the task of building intimacy. Take the tests in this book, follow up on their indications, and stick with the changes you select.

Pride in yourself and your marriage is important for continued growth. Our society has valued self-esteem, but marital esteem is every bit as important.

*202\97\8*

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